Empirical research in engineering design indicates procedural characteristics which improve solution quality : opportunistic strategy ; combination of thinking by head with thinking by hand ( sketching ) ; question - based reflection of own results 摘要对工程设计的实证研究指出了提高解决方案质量的步骤特征:机会策略;用脑思考和用手思考(画草图)相结合;对自己的成果进行提问式反思。